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Symptoms and diagnosis of diabetes






Diabetes 

    The pancreas secretes the hormone insulin, which helps insert glucose sugar in the blood into the cells of the body, to use it as a source of energy. Diabetes mellitus is a disorder in the body's ability to deal with this sugar, whether due to the lack of secretion of the pancreas With sufficient quantities of insulin or the body’s cells not responding to it naturally, which causes the blood sugar level to rise, and it exposes the person to the risk of complications and health problems. 

Symptoms of diabetes 

     Obtaining an early diagnosis of diabetes greatly reduces the risk of complications from diabetes , so recognizing the symptoms and warning signs indicating diabetes is important, in the case of type 1 diabetes, symptoms begin to appear in the person within several weeks in Usually, but the problem here lies in the case of developing type 2 diabetes; it is often late to diagnose it, because it takes a long time for its symptoms to appear on the affected person, so the person may have had this type of diabetes for many years without feeling any noticeable change in his condition Live, and in general can release the most important symptoms of diabetes as follows:

  • Suffering from frequent urination . 
  • Feeling very thirsty. 
  • Feeling very hungry despite eating shortly before. 
  • Suffering from physical fatigue and general fatigue. 
  • Blurred vision. 
  • Slow healing and healing of wounds and bruises. 
  • Unintended weight loss, especially in people with type 1 diabetes. 
  • Suffering from numbness or numbness in the extremities, especially in people with type 2 diabetes. 

Diagnosed with diabetes 

    There are a number of tests available to diagnose diabetes, and in general it is required to confirm the diagnosis of an individual suffering from symptoms indicating his diabetes, and the emergence of a high result indicating the incidence of diabetes from one of the diagnostic tests, and in the absence of any symptoms on the person should be re-examination on another day to confirm Diabetes incidence: 

- Cumulative sugar test: (Glycated hemoglobin) ( A1C ) This test measures the percentage of sugar associated with hemoglobin in the blood. The higher this percentage, the higher the blood sugar level. In general, this test provides estimated readers of the average blood sugar during the last Two to three months after the test, and it should be noted that undergoing this examination does not require fasting for food or drink, and its results may be interpreted as follows: 

  • Normal: The test result is less than 5.7%.
  • Pre-diabetes stage: It is represented by the appearance of results ranging between 5.7-6.4%, in this case the diabetes readings are abnormally high, but their height is not sufficient to diagnose diabetes, and it should be noted that the appearance of these results makes the person more vulnerable to diabetes in the future . 
  • Diabetes: Diabetes is diagnosed if the cumulative sugar test score is 6.5 or more. 

- Sugar fasting examination: (Fasting blood sugar test), prefer to conduct this examination in the morning, and requires fasting for at least eight hours, in order to measure the level of sugar in the blood in the case of fasting , and in general can release its results as follows: 


  • Normal condition: The blood sugar level is less than 100 mg / dL. 
  • Pre-diabetes: blood sugar readings range from 100-125 mg / dl. 
  • Diabetes: Readings of 126 mg / dl or more indicate the possibility of diabetes. 

- Glucose tolerance test: Requires the examination of fasting for a period of not less than eight hours also, and this test is initially measured glucose level fasting blood if the arrival of the person to the clinic, and then given loosed glycemic to intake, and then The blood sugar level is measured two hours after eating the diabetic solution, and in general the results of the sugar in the blood after consuming the solution are explained as follows: 


  • Normal condition: Less than 140 mg / dL. 
  • Pre-diabetes: Diabetic readings in this case range from 140-199 mg / dl. 
  • Diabetes: 200 mg / dL or more. 

- Random sugar test: Measures the test blood sugar level at any time of the day without the person fasting , and no matter what you eat from food or drink, and generally indicate readings of 200 mg / dl or More on the possibility of diabetes . 


Types of diabetes

    In general, diabetes can be divided into three main types, and the following is a description of each of them: 

  • Diabetes Type I: The body is excreted in this case is very limited insulin amounts, or not produced at all, and attributed the incidence of this type of diabetes to a disturbance in the body pushes the immune system to attack and destroy the responsible cells About the production of insulin in the pancreas, it should be noted that this type of diabetes often affects children and adolescents. 
  • Diabetes Type II: This type of diabetes , the most common, and often infection begins after reaching forty years of age, and in this type of diabetes can pancreatic secretion of insulin, but the problem lies In the body’s resistance to insulin, and its failure to respond naturally to it, which impedes its ability to transport blood sugar into cells. 
  • Gestational diabetes: A condition that affects some pregnant women, and is a high level of sugar in the blood from the acceptable limits, due to the secretion of the placenta hormones increase the resistance of cells to insulin.


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