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What are triglycerides?


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Triglyceride

    Triglycerides are the most common types of fats in the body, and they are chemical compounds that are digested by the body to supply it with the energy needed for metabolism . Triglycerides are the main component of vegetable oils and animal fats. It is connected to three of the fatty acids, and it should be noted that in the small intestine the triglycerides are broken down into their original components, which are glycerides and fatty acids for absorption, and in fact the triglycerides are stored in the fat cells and cells The liver. 
    It is worth noting that triglycerides and cholesterol .They are separate types of fats, which circulate in the blood, and because triglycerides and cholesterol do not dissolve in the blood, they spread throughout the body with the help of lipoproteins, which are called lipoproteins, and in fact stores triglycerides. It is not used to supply the body with energy, while cholesterol is used in building cells and many hormones. 

The level of triglycerides in the blood

  The level of triglycerides in the blood is measured by taking a blood sample after fasting for 8-12 hours. The level of triglycerides is normal if it is less than 150 mg per deciliter, while it is considered moderate if its level is between 150-200 mg / dL, If the level of triglycerides is more than 200 mg / dl, then it is considered high, and increases the risk of developing atherosclerosis, and it has an increased risk of coronary artery disease and stroke , and if the level of triglycerides is more than 500 mg / dl, it may cause pancreatitis. 

Reasons for high triglycerides

   The causes of high triglycerides include:

  •  Obesity. 
  • Metabolic syndrome. 
  • Eat a diet rich in fats or sugars. 
  • Lack of physical activity and lack of exercise. 
  • Alcohol consumption. 
  • Diabetes mellitus type 2 diabetes (especially type 2) 
  • Kidney disease, especially uremia (Glomerulonephritis). 
  • Thyroid deficiency ( Hypothyroidism). 
  • Pregnancy: triglyceride levels double during the third trimester of pregnancy. 
  • An autoimmune disorder, such as the presence of paraproteinemia or lupus erythematosis (Systemic lupus erythematosis). 
  • Certain medications such as corticosteroids, estrogen in particular orally, tamoxifen, and blood pressure lowering drugs such as non-cardiac beta blockers only(Noncardioselective β-blockers) and thiazides , Isotretinoin, Bile acid sequestrant, Cyclophosphamide and Antiretroviral regimens used to treat HIV infection , And psychological drugs such as fen And thiazines (English: Phenothiazines), and second generation antipsychotics. 

Ways to reduce triglycerides Lifestyle change 


   To reduce triglycerides, it is recommended to do the following: 
  • Doing regular exercise : 5 days or more every week. 
  • Weight loss: Losing 5-10% of weight reduces triglycerides in overweight people. 
  • Eating fish: such as mackerel or mackerel, Lake trout, herring, sardine, tuna, and salmon, as they contain a high amount of omega-3 . 
  • Reducing sugar intake: Reducing sugar helps reduce triglycerides, by monitoring the number and times of sugar intake daily. 
  • Fat substitution: By limiting or avoiding foods that contain saturated fats and trans fats, examples of these harmful fats include fried foods, butter, whole milk, ice cream, and baked foods. Commercial, meat, and cheese. Instead, eat monounsaturated fats and polyunsaturated fats, which are found in olive oil, canola oil, nuts, and fatty fish. 
  • Use whole wheat products instead of white rice, bread, and pasta. 
  • Avoid drinking alcohol. 

Medication treatment

 Medication treatment includes the following:
  • Statins: These drugs are used to reduce triglycerides, especially if the level of good cholesterol is low (HDL), and the level of low-density lipoproteins or harmful cholesterol (LDL) is high, or if the patient has a blockage Arteries or diabetes , examples include Atorvastatin, Simvastatin, and a possible side effect of these medications is muscle pain. 
  • Fish oil: Fish oil supplements contain omega-3 fatty acids, which can help reduce the level of triglycerides, if used in high doses, and are mostly used for people with triglyceride levels above 500 mg / dl. 
  • Alvaiberat: used these drugs to lower triglycerides levels greater than 500 mg / dl, and examples of them fenofibrate ( in English: Fenofibrate) and gemfibrozil ( in English: Gemfibrozil), may increase Alvaiberat risk of side effects when they coincide with Statins are taken . 
  • Niacin: Niacin reduces triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels , and is usually used when triglyceride levels rise more than 500 mg / dl. In fact, you should consult a doctor before taking niacin, as it may interact with other medications causing significant side effects .


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