Regulating blood sugar
The level of sugar in the blood is regulated by many hormones, including the glucagon hormone, Growth hormone, Cortisol and catecholamines, in addition to the insulin hormone, which is The most important of them is that insulin is excreted in response to many stimuli, including high blood sugar levels, or high levels of amino acids and fatty acids in the blood, or seeing or tasting food.
Normal blood sugar level
The normal blood sugar level varies according to the nature of the test being performed, and the following is an indication of this:
- Sugar fasting examination: ( Fasting Glucose Test), this requires examination fasting person full night, and is considered the level of sugar naturally if the result is less than 100 mg / dl examination equivalent to 5.6 mmol / L, while if the sugar level ranges Between 100 to 125 mg / dL, which is equivalent to 5.6-6.9 mmol / L, this indicates that the person is in the pre-diabetes stage. Diabetes is diagnosed if two separate readings of sugar are recorded, each with 126 mg. / DL or more, equivalent to 7 mmol / L or more.
- Cumulative sugar measurement: (Glycated hemoglobin test), reflect the value of the cumulative sugar average blood sugar level over two months to the last three months, as it measures the amount of sugar examination associated with hemoglobin in the blood, and this examination needs to fast before It is considered normal if the test result is less than 5.7%, and diabetes is diagnosed if two separate sugar readings are recorded, each of 6.5% or more, while if the readings are located between 5.7-6.4%, this indicates that The person in the pre-diabetes stage.
- Measuring blood sugar random: a sample taken from a person 's blood at a random time; ie , without taking into account fasting or another date meal covered person before undergoing examination, and diagnosed diabetes if the blood sugar level of 200 mg / Dl or higher, equivalent to 11.1 mmol / L.
- Measuring glucose tolerance Oral: ( Oral glucose tolerance test), requires such testing fasting person full night, and in the morning is measured by the level of sugar fasting in the blood, and then the person is asked to drink a certain sugar syrup to be measured after the blood sugar levels periodically on The range of the next two hours, when measuring the level of sugar in the blood, the normal value of sugar should be less than 140 mg / dL, which is equivalent to 7.8 mmol / L, and if the reading exceeds 200 mg / dL, equivalent to 11.1 mmol / L, then this is considered An indication of diabetes, but if the reading ranged between 140-199 mg / dis Liter equivalent 7.8-11 mmol / L, this indicates that the person in the pre - diabetes stage.
Increase diabetes level in the blood
Symptoms of hyperglycemia
A set of signs and symptoms that indicate high blood sugar appear . We mention the following:
- Feeling thirsty and dehydrated.
- Frequent urination, and the person may wake up in the middle of the night to urinate.
- Blurring of the eye .
- Feeling stomach pain.
- Increased feeling of hunger.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Drowsiness, lethargy, and fatigue.
- Excessive sweating .
- Change the smell of the soul to be similar to the smell of fruit. Loss of focus.
- Long-term weight loss, which may lead to coma .
Complications of high sugar
High untreated sugar can lead to many complications, whether in the short or long term, and the following is a description of each of them:
- Long-term complications: including:
- Cardiovascular diseases.
- Neuropathy.
- Diabetic nephropathy or kidney failure .
- Diabetic retinopathy ( Diabetic retinopathy), which may lead to blindness.
- Cataract eye lens .
- Foot problems, as nerve damage or ischemia may cause serious infection or amputation.
- Bone and joint problems.
- Skin problems, such as a bacterial infection or a fungal infection, as well as difficulty healing wounds.
- Teeth and gum infections.
- Serious and urgent complications: including:
- Diabetic ketoacidosis: The risk of this condition is that it threatens human life and may cause coma as it is left untreated. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs as a result of a low level of insulin in the body, which prevents sugar from entering the cells to obtain energy, and given Because of the inability to take advantage of sugar as an energy source, the body resorts to breaking down fats as an alternative energy source; ketones are caused by the process of breaking down fats, which are toxic acids that accumulate in the blood to come out with urine at the end.
- Hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome: This condition occurs as a result of high blood sugar levels, as it may reach 600 mg / dl or more, due to the body's lack of response to insulin despite its availability in the blood, which leads to body loss The ability to obtain energy through the use of glucose or fat, which is accompanied by an increase in urination as a result of excess sugar coming out of the body through the urine, and this condition requires immediate medical care, as the risk of the patient suffering from dehydration and entering into a life-threatening coma is high. .
Low blood sugar
- Symptoms of hypoglycemia
Low blood sugar causes a set of signs and symptoms , including the following:
- Shivering.
- Feeling nervous or irritable.
- Sweating and chills .
- Irritability and impatience.
- Delirium and cognitive disorder.
- Accelerated heartbeat.
- Dizziness. Hunger and nausea.
- Poor vision or blinking.
- Tingling or numbness in the lips or tongue.
- Suffering from headaches.
- Feeling weak, tired, or sleepy.
- Anger, stubbornness, or sadness.
- Suffering from nightmares or crying during sleep.
- Unconsciousness.
Complications of hypoglycemia
The sharp drop in the level of sugar in the blood may cause the occurrence of some serious and life - threatening Kalasabh heart complications Aelchenjip and damage to the nervous system, and should therefore be alert to the importance of receiving assistance and treatment immediately, in addition to avoid driving because of the high likelihood of exposure to accidents in this case.
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